Response of unconfined turbidity current to deep‐water fold and thrust belt topography: Orthogonal incidence on solitary and segmented folds     

Danielle M. Howlett  Zhiyuan Ge  Wojciech Nemec  Rob L. Gawthorpe  Atle Rotevatn  Christopher A.‐L. Jackson 《Sedimentology》2019,66(6):2425-2454

Sea‐floor topography of deep‐water folds is widely considered to have a major impact on turbidity currents and their depositional systems, but understanding the flow response to such features was limited mainly to conceptual notions inspired by small‐scale laboratory experiments. High‐resolution three‐dimensional numerical experiments can compensate for the lack of natural‐scale flow observations. The present study combines numerical modelling of thrusts with fault‐propagation folds by Trishear3D software with computational fluid dynamics simulations of a natural‐scale unconfined turbidity current by MassFlow‐3D? software. The study reveals the hydraulic and depositional responses of a turbidity current (ca 50 m thick) to typical topographic features that it might encounter in an orthogonal incidence on a sea‐floor deep‐water fold and thrust belt. The supercritical current (ca 10 m sec^?1) decelerated and thickened due to the hydraulic jump on the fold backlimb counter‐slope, where a reverse overflow formed through current self‐reflection and a reverse underflow was issued by backward squeezing of a dense near‐bed sediment load. The reverse flows were re‐feeding sediment to the parental current, reducing its waning rate and extending its runout. The low‐efficiency current, carrying sand and silt, outran a downslope distance of >17 km with only modest deposition (<0·2 m) beyond the fold. Most of the flow volume diverted sideways along the backlimb to surround the fold and spread further downslope, with some overspill across the fold and another hydraulic jump at the forelimb toe. In the case of a segmented fold, a large part of the flow went downslope through the segment boundary. Preferential deposition (0·2 to 1·8 m) occurred on the fold backlimb and directly upslope, and on the forelimb slope in the case of a smaller fold. The spatial patterns of sand entrapment revealed by the study may serve as guidelines for assessing the influence of substrate folds on turbiditic sedimentation in a basin.  相似文献   

CASIO编程计算器在陀螺定向测量数据处理中的应用研究     

桂维振  胡凤山  刘全福 《北京测绘》2013,(6):83-85,76

陀螺定向工作是矿山测量的重要工作之一.然而在进行陀螺定向数据处理过程中比较繁琐,包括记录表格计算与验证、子午线收敛角的查表与计算等.本文利用CASIO编程计算机简化数据处理过程,CASIO编程计算器在测量中应用广泛易于操作.通过实际工作验证编辑的程序计算准确,且大大提高了工作效率.  相似文献   

渭-库绿洲地下水对土壤盐渍化和其逆向演替过程的影响     

韩桂红  塔西甫拉提·特依拜  买买提·沙吾提  张飞 《地理科学》2012,(3):362-367

基于遥感数据,结合地下水位观测资料,本文对渭-库绿洲土壤盐渍化与地下水的关系进行了定量研究,并探讨土壤盐渍化的逆向演替过程。研究表明:渭-库绿洲在地下水埋深2.3~2.7 m区间,盐渍地面积占的比例较高,在地下水埋深2.7~3.4 m区间,盐渍地面积占的比例相对较低;渭-库绿洲部分地方地下水位已低于影响地表盐渍化的水位临界值(4.66 m),地下水矿化度低于3 g/L,研究区整体处于有利于土壤盐渍化逆向演替的环境之中;土壤盐渍化的逆向演替过程具有时空特征,由绿洲上部向下部,内部向外部逐步发生逆向演替。  相似文献   

欧洲东部土壤湿度对东北亚初夏气温异常转折的影响及其可能物理过程          下载免费PDF全文

张婵  范可  徐志清  杨启东 《大气科学学报》2023,46(4):532-548

采用1979—2020年观测和再分析资料,研究了年际时间尺度上初夏(5—6月)东北亚气温异常月际转折的基本特征,以及欧洲东部土壤湿度异常对其的影响及可能物理过程。结果表明,年际时间尺度上东北亚初夏气温异常月际演变的主导模态为转折模态,即5月偏暖(冷)则6月偏冷(暖);转折模态的形成直接源于东北亚地区环流异常的转折。进一步分析发现,5月欧洲东部土壤湿度偏低往往导致东北亚5月偏暖而6月偏冷,可能的物理过程如下:5月土壤湿度偏低导致局地土壤温度和对流层低层增温,进而造成地中海地区(欧洲北部)对流层低层经向温度梯度和大气斜压性减弱(增强),相应地高频瞬变波活动减弱(增强),并通过瞬变涡度强迫有利于欧洲中东部形成异常高压和Rossby波波源;相关的Rossby波沿极锋急流东传,导致东北亚为准正压的异常高压,地表升温。土壤湿度异常可持续到6月,但强度减弱;类似地,其可通过瞬变涡度强迫有利于异常高压和Rossby波波源的形成,但中心西移至欧洲西部;相关Rossby波活动导致东北亚为准正压的异常低压,地表降温。5月和6月欧洲东部土壤湿度异常相关的 Rossby波的活动特征(波源、活动中心和传播路径)存在明显差异,这与两个月欧亚北部大气平均态的差异密切相关。当5月欧洲东部土壤湿度偏高时,上述物理过程则大致相反。  相似文献   

波纹巴非蛤性逆转时生殖腺的组织学变化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴洪流 《海洋科学》2002,26(1):5-8

波纹巴非蛤由雌性逆转为雄性时，其生殖腺雌性滤泡内卵细胞败育，逐渐退化分解吸收。同时，分布于滤泡壁上的原始精原细胞开始生长发育。残留的雌性生殖细胞与发育的雄性生殖细胞共同存在于滤泡腔内，即为波纹巴非蛤的雌雄间性过渡阶段。随着滤泡内卵细胞的退化吸收，精细胞与雄性泡逐渐形成。波纹巴非蛤雄性个体是由雌性个体通过性反转发育而来，这种性别的转化是双方向的。此外，波纹巴非蛤雌雄同体存在两种滤泡结构类型。  相似文献   

Rapid reversals of polarization in spikes and fast fine structures     

Jin Sheng-zhen  Li Xiao-cong  Ji Hui-rong  Zhao Bing  Wang Shu-lan  Yan Yuan-yi  Zhao Ren-yang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1993,17(4):406-412

We briefly describe the polarization state of the spike groups and fast fine structures superimposed on the 47GB microwave burst of 1991 May 16. At two frequencies 100 MHz apart, namely, 2645 and 2545 MHz, the polarization showed rapid reversals on short time scales of the order of 50 100ms. We think this is probably related to fluctuations on both short time and small spatial scales, in the plasma density and magnetic field of the emission region. Thése oscillations cause the plasma and cyclotron frequency ratio to vary around the value of , thus making the electron cyclotron maser instability growth rate to be dominated alternately by the X mode and the O mode and the polarization state to switch from one sign to the other.  相似文献   

辽东半岛南部震旦-寒武系界限剖面古地磁特征     

蓝晶 《国土资源》1988,(2)

在辽东半岛南部震旦-寒武系界限剖面中采集了32块古地磁岩石标本。古地磁测试结果表明:①辽东半岛南部震旦系兴民村期曾出现一次极性倒转,它发生在650Ma左右,可称之为兴民村反极性期,据此,可与国外上先寒武系对比;②本区震旦-寒武系沉积地层曾经历了中纬度→低纬度→中纬度的古地理纬度区的变化历史;③初步建立了辽东半岛南部震旦-寒武系界限附近地层的视古地磁极迁移轨迹。根据古地磁测试结果,结合本区地层特征,将震旦-寒武系界限定在兴民村组与葛屯组之间,兴民村组的顶为震旦系的上限,葛屯组的底为寒武系的下限。  相似文献   

含内边界非均匀材料三维FEM模型的时间逆转仿真研究     

陈湘鹏  郑文衡  王乘 《大地测量与地球动力学》2001,21(2):7-16

运用 3- D非线性动态有限元方法 ,针对地壳块体建立了一个材料非均匀的包含多个内部界面的三维典型模型 ,通过对模型的时间逆转效应的仿真研究 ,初步探讨了基于动力学原理人工触发地震的可能性 ,重新提出以提前触发地震、增加频度、降低震级为基本方法的消除震害原理。模拟结果表明 ,如果将地震图 (seismogram)进行时间逆转后 ,作为加载曲线 ,在地震台站点上通过一个有效的力源加载于基岩 ,利用时间逆转效应 ,可以将人工施加的能量在某一瞬间集中到以往的震源 ,引起一个强烈的冲击 ,因而可能触发地震。  相似文献   

近南北向构造在塔里木盆地的踪迹   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

刘德良  李振生  吴小奇  陶士振 《地质学报》2007,81(3):324-331

为厘清近南北向构造在塔里木盆地中的性质、地位和作用,笔者通过地质—地球物理分析,确认了以反转断层及相关褶皱为主导的挤压型构造是塔里木近南北向构造的主要表现形式。它发生发展于大陆内部,具有分布的广泛性和等距性、延伸的线性和断续性、纵深的陡倾性和穿透性、主断面的逆冲等特征。它的发育通常是基于先存的NS(—NNE)向张裂带和NNW(—NW)或NNE(—NE)向剪裂带,前者多演化为大、中型南北向构造,而后者多演化为中、小型南北向构造。近南北向构造的反转断层呈现为伸展—走滑—挤缩的演化顺序;最终定型于新生代;其驱动力主要源于太平洋—菲律宾板块向西的推挤动力。近南北向反转构造是种复合型的封闭性构造,对于石油和天然气地质研究,具有实际意义。  相似文献   

Wavelet analysis of paleomagnetic data: 1. Characteristic average times (5–10 kyr) of variations in the geomagnetic field during and immediately before and after the Early Jaramillo reversal (Western Turkmenistan)     

G. Z. Gurarii  M. V. Aleksyutin  N. Ataev 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2007,43(10):819-829

Joint wavelet analysis of complete and downsampled series of paleomagnetic and petromagnetic characteristics of rocks in the Matuyama-Jaramillo transitional zone in the Adzhidere section is used to extract paleomagnetic data whose variations are associated with the geomagnetic field alone and data correlating with variations in petromagnetic parameters. It supposed that this correlation can be caused by an external factor affecting weak variations in the magnetic field and climatic changes reflected in the composition and amount of the ferromagnetic fraction in rocks. Preliminary data are obtained for the characteristic times of field variations at the time of accumulation of rocks in the transitional zone.  相似文献